The former player: 'I really hoped to continue my rugby career'
Important note: This piece contains details of discriminatory language and behaviour
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell claims that going public to expose racism in rugby union brought his career to an early end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the game, displaying Whatsapp messages and remembering training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what happened," he explained to media outlets.
"I really wanted to continue competing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when news came out that there were inquiries going on.
"That was difficult - I had to simply accept the fate and accept that this whole process is a lot bigger than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not gather enough proof to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly excluded for their team for the 2015 tournament
Burrell told media he also encountered prejudice within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him earn 15 appearances after his first game in February 2014.
"I've had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he said.
"Some discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been disguised as humour and that's been the problem that I've myself experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"During a extended period you just begin to believe that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell says he was eventually spurred to go public after a fellow player at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the elite game and to the implementation of an action plan for the elite level."
"The organization has placed significant attention on inclusion and diversity in rugby union and a great deal of work undertaken both before and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"We are continuing work with teams and partners in the elite level to strive for a environment of acceptance but recognize this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
All Premiership and women's rugby club now has face-to-face education on building inclusive environments, with its effectiveness tracked via specific documentation and feedback.
All England players, including youth squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to step in and defend others from damaging conduct.
"You be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film about his experiences.
"I know it has had this effect on you and finished your career, but in our view, you have achieved so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff died shortly after the filming of the film, and his sister died recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the sport more accessible.
His charitable organization aims to reach children in disadvantaged communities and help them succeed both on the field with complimentary sports training, guidance and dietary education.
"My intentions are pure, I want to see the progress of the game and if nobody else is willing to tell their experience then I'll continue to advocate for that cause because I'm not just doing this for my own benefit," he explained.
"We have an responsibility to make the game as great as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more confident fellow players will become about discussing their own experiences as well.
"I take the challenge by the opportunity and continue bearing this banner and continue carrying this weight and do what I can to create opportunities and make the sport more appealing and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of poverty and I honestly think that the sport has the potential to transform their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in late 2022